A study by Huang et al indicated that with regard to predicting sputum culture results in pediatric patients with pneumonia, sputum Gram stains have high specificity and can therefore be used to guide antibiotic treatment choices. We studied 120 patients hospitalized for CAP who provided a high-quality sputum specimen at, or soon after admission, using Gram stain, quantitative sputum culture, bacterial speciation by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight, and viral polymerase chain reaction. Daniela Hermelin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: AABB, American Society for Apheresis, American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American Pathologists, Heart of America Association of Blood Banks (HAABB), International Society of Blood TransfusionDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We found that 13 of 68 (19.1%) patients infected with RBPs were coinfected with NRF, based on the presence of equal or higher numbers of NRF in their sputum, suggesting a pathogenic role for NRF in an even larger proportion of patients with CAP. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. B. cereus causes: About 30 Clostridia species cause disease in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. It is important to understand how some of the most common causes of pneumonia transition from colonizers to opportunistic pathogens. This includes: Enterococci are primarily found in the colon. All rights reserved. You might feel slightly light-headed when you cough deeply, or feel discomfort in your lungs or throat. Viruses (e.g. One-milliliter micropipetters, with the tips cut to enlarge the orifice, were used to draw up 0.51 mL purulent sputum that was then liquefied with 2% N-acetyl cysteine and diluted serially; 0.01 mL aliquots were streaked onto blood and chocolate agar and incubated under 5% CO2. Like bacilli, these bacteria form toxins that lead to serious conditions. A normal Gram stain of sputum contains polymorphonuclear leukocytes, alveolar macrophages, and a few squamous epithelial cells. Gram stain (right) shows many Gram-positive cocci in clusters. Streptococcus pneumoniae and S mitis (right). We recently described a series of cases of pneumonia due to Corynebacterium sp [27], and Garg et al [28] documented bacteremia due to viridans streptococci and Corynebacteria in patients with influenza virus pneumonia. An unacceptable sample can be misleading and should be rejected by the laboratory. Gram stain (right) is typical of the findings in viral pneumonia, showing many PMN and no bacteria. Gram stain showed many Gram-positive rods and yeast, many of which are cell-associated. Promote biofilm production so that more organisms can attach and proliferate.
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