The phylogeny problem is the question of what specific tree, in the tree model of language evolution, best explains the paths of descent of all the members of a language family from a common language, or proto-language (at the root of the tree) to the attested languages (at the leaves of the tree). It is found in environments with suffixal -t, including: An alternation not triggered by sound change was Sievers' law, which caused alternation of suffixal -j- and -ij- depending on the length of the preceding part of the morpheme. Armenian [citation needed], Ultimately, only the distal survived in the function of demonstrative. Since this sound law only operated in part of the paradigms of the n-stems and n-verbs, it gave rise to an alternation of geminated and non-geminated consonants in the same paradigms. French Reconstructions are tentative and multiple versions with varying degrees of difference exist. Proto-Germanic ( English) Proper noun Proto - Germanic Hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Germanic languages, including English. Northern Kurdish However, Ringe notes that this belief was largely due to theory-internal considerations of older phonological theories, and in modern theories it is equally possible that the allophony was present from the beginning.[41]. Malagasy Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic, East Germanic and North Germanic, which however remained in contact over a considerable time, especially the Ingvaeonic languages (including English), which arose from West Germanic dialects and remained in continued contact with North Germanic. The etymologies are to be found mainly in, Feist was proposing the idea as early as 1913, but his classical paper on the subject is, While the details of the reconstructed pronunciation vary somewhat, this phonological system is generally agreed upon; for example, coronals are sometimes listed as. The subjunctive mood derives from the PIE optative mood. 2002. For example, the Greek future uses a -s- ending, apparently derived from a desiderative construction that in PIE was part of the system of derivational morphology (not the inflectional system); the Sanskrit future uses a -sy- ending, from a different desiderative verb construction and often with a different ablaut grade from Greek; while the Latin future uses endings derived either from the PIE subjunctive or from the PIE verb */bu/ 'to be'.
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