At this time, the attractions of city life, and in particular, employment opportunities, grew exponentially due to rapid changes in industrialization. In his 1832 study entitled Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester, physician and social reformer James Phillips Kay described the meager diet of the British industrial citys lowly-paid laborers, who subsisted on a breakfast of tea or coffee with a little bread, and a midday meal that typically consisted of boiled potatoes, melted lard and butter, sometimes with a few pieces of fried fatty bacon mixed in. The industrial age saw the rise of new technologies, such as the assembly line, railroads, and new devices for communication such as Graham Bell's telephone. In terms of the workforce, information technology has led to great expansion of the IT sector and has also seen the transition of jobs into a global marketplace. The beginning of industrialization in the United States is usually pegged to the opening of a textile mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in 1793 by the recent English immigrant Samuel Slater. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. He was in such awful shape that he required opium to cope with the excruciating pain. Shown here is the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, considered the first modern skyscraper. The increasing cost of real estate made upward growth attractive, and so did the prestige that towering buildings carried for the businesses that occupied them. These images show ruined buildings in the city of Uman, located in central Ukraine, after Russia fired more than 20 cruise missiles and two drones at the region on Friday, killing at least 23 people. The Gilded Age saw the most pronounced gap between social strata up to that point. While office work was less dangerous and better paid, it locked women into yet another category of womens work, from which it was hard to escape, Frader explains. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Corrections? He's the co-author (with Martin J. Smith) of Poplorica: A Popular History of the Fads, Mavericks, Inventions, and Lore that Shaped Modern America. In 1889, the Otis Elevator Company, led by inventor Elisha Otis, installed the first electric elevator. The 2020 voting surge followed unusually high turnout in the 2018 midterm elections, when about 47.5% of the voting-age population - and 51.8% of voting-age citizens - went to the polls. In the early years of the century, thousands of train derailments were caused by broken rails, broken wheels, flanges, and axles. However, as crowds continued to grow in the largest cities, such as Chicago and New York, trolleys were unable to move efficiently through the crowds of pedestrians (Figure 19.4). Exploitation of workers and low-paying jobs. Which country industrialised after Britain? Important inventions of the Industrial Revolution included the steam engine, used to power steam locomotives, steamboats, steamships, and machines in factories; electric generators and electric motors; the incandescent lamp (light bulb); the telegraph and telephone; and the internal-combustion engine and automobile, whose mass production was perfected by Henry Ford in the early 20th century. Workers completed the first skyscraper in Chicago, the ten-story Home Insurance Building, in 1885 (Figure 19.5). READ: The Industrial Revolution (article) | Khan Academy What were negative effects of the British Industrial Revolution? David M. Turners and Daniel Blackies 2018 book Disability in the Industrial Revolution describes a gas explosion at a coal mine that left 36-year-old James Jackson with severe burns on his face, neck, chest, hands and arms, as well as internal injuries.
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