Straight-chain alkanes are able to pack and layer each other better than their branched counterparts. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Let's look at these three molecules. Within a series of compounds of similar molar mass, the strength of the intermolecular interactions increases as the dipole moment of the molecules increases, as shown in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). There are two additional types of electrostatic interactions: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding with which you are already familiar, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water which was introduced in the previous section and will be discussed more in the next chapter. So at room temperature and room pressure, neopentane is a gas, right? Intermolecular Forces - Chemistry LibreTexts So pentane is a liquid. Why do strong intermolecular forces produce such anomalously high boiling points and other unusual properties, such as high enthalpies of vaporization and high melting points? PageIndex: ["{12.1. compare a straight chain to a branched hydrocarbon. Arrange the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) in order of increasing boiling point. even higher than other compounds that have covalent bonds? Pentane has five carbons, one, two, three, four, five, so five carbons for pentane. { "13.01:_Phase_Properties" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.02:_Evaporation_and_Condensation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_Melting_Freezing_Sublimation_and_Deposition" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Energetics_of_Phase_Changes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Electronegativity_and_Polarity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Polarity_and_Properties" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Intermolecular_Forces" : "property 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"source[3]-chem-47546" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FAnoka-Ramsey_Community_College%2FIntroduction_to_Chemistry%2F13%253A_States_of_Matter%2F13.07%253A_Intermolecular_Forces, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), There are two additional types of electrostatic interactions: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding with which you are already familiar, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water which was introduced in the previous section and will be discussed more in, Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Relationships Between the Polarity and Boiling Point for Organic Compounds of Similar Molar Mass, Table \(\PageIndex{2}\): Normal Melting and Boiling Points of Some Elements and Nonpolar Compounds.
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