In intrinsic semiconductors free electrons are not present at absolute zero temperature. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2010, pp 365. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanium_monoxide&oldid=1107516710, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 August 2022, at 11:36. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. Germanium really took off with the development of the transistor, a solid state version of the triode valve. The oxides of the elements at the top of Group 4 are acidic, but acidity of the oxides falls as you go down the Group. Elements in Group 2 tend to form a +2 ion by losing its two valence electrons. But in 1877, a fellow chemist called Hermann had found a substance in the mineral tantalite which he believed was a new metallic element. For example, carbon monoxide reduces many hot metal oxides to the metal - a reaction which is used, for example, in the extraction of iron in a blast furnace. You need to think about why carbon normally forms four covalent bonds rather than two. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Group 14 element, Group IVa element, Professor of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, 196983. He found its composition to be 75% silver, 18% sulfur, and 7% he could not explain. Germanium tetrachloride - Wikipedia The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. This is also an example of the acidic silicon dioxide reacting with a base. What is the name? Each covalent bond that forms releases energy, and this is more than enough to supply the energy needed for the promotion. This time we can generalise without exception: XO(s) + 2OH-(aq) XO22-(aq) + H2O(l).
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