Who was Charlemagne, the Carolingian Emperor of Europe? [68] The grounds for a permanent peace were not established until 1183, however, in the Peace of Constance, when Frederick conceded their right to freely elect town magistrates. He took part in the council that was held at Palmarea on 24 June, where it was decided to attack Damascus. Charlemagne's Holy Roman Empire & the Divine Right to Rule - Video Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (German: Friedrich I, Italian: Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later. [67] The emperor acknowledged the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States, and in return Alexander acknowledged the emperor's overlordship of the Imperial Church. The ecclesiastical princes of the empire, however, still had to render full service for Italy; the archbishopric of Mainz suffered severe financial losses because Archbishop Christian was active for a long time in Italy as imperial legate. In the Peace of Anagni in 1176, Frederick recognized Alexander III as pope, and in the Peace of Venice in 1177, Frederick and Alexander III were formally reconciled. Most of his skeleton, however, is believed to have stayed at his cathedral in Aachen. [87], On 15 April 1189 in Haguenau, Frederick formally and symbolically accepted the staff and scrip of a pilgrim and set out. [15], The Germany that Frederick tried to unite was a patchwork of more than 1,600 individual states, each with its own prince. Frederick I Barbarossa [1] (1122 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned in Aachen on 9 March, crowned King of Italy at Pavia in 1154, and finally crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Adrian IV on 18 June 1155. Charlemagne was an 8th-century Frankish king who has attained a status of almost mythical proportions in the West. [59] In 1174 Frederick made his fifth expedition to Italy. Historians consider him among the Holy Roman Empire's greatest medieval emperors.
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