[258] The incidents ranged from individual attacks to pogroms. In the state schools that did allow Jewish children, there were numerous accounts of beatings and persecution targeting these children. "[266][271][275] As stated by Dariusz Stola, director of the POLIN Museum, "the question of restitution is in many ways connected to the question of Polish-Jewish relations, their history and remembrance, but particularly to the attitude of the Poles to the Holocaust. Last opportunity for heirs of Polish Jews to claim restitution - Ynetnews Jan Brzechwa (a favorite poet of Polish children). Jewish printing establishments came into existence in the first quarter of the 16th century. Some future Israeli leaders studied at University of Warsaw, including Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir. Based on population migration from West to East during and after the German invasion the percentage of Jews under the Soviet-occupation was substantially higher than that of the national census. The assassination prompted a large-scale wave of anti-Jewish riots, called pogroms (Russian: ;) throughout 18811884. On the Edge of Destruction: Jews of Poland Between the Two World Wars. Jews from eastern Europe, mostly from Russian and Polish territory, had been coming to Germany since the 19th century, driven from their homes by anti-Jewish laws, pogroms and poverty. The Jews of East Central Europe Between the World Wars. They were spared from the deportations until September 1942 in return for their cooperation, but afterwards shared their fate with families and relatives. Some rabbis were set on fire or hanged. In the 2011 Polish census, 7,353 Polish citizens declared their nationality as "Jewish," a big increase from just 1,055 during the previous 2002 census. However, the size of the Ghetto was only about 2.4% of the size of the city. Further academic harassment, such as the introduction of ghetto benches, which forced Jewish students to sit in sections of the lecture halls reserved exclusively for them, anti-Jewish riots, and semi-official or unofficial quotas (Numerus clausus) introduced in 1937 in some universities, halved the number of Jews in Polish universities between independence (1918) and the late 1930s.
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