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The islands then appear in Gerard Mercators map of 1569, which included the Ysolas de los Galopegos. The greatest legacy was the construction of the first land-based airport in the islandsnow modernized to serve as the main entry point for most travelers to the Galapagos Islands. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is the foundation upon which modern evolutionary theory is built. Patrick Watkins, an Irishman, was probably the first settler in the islands. There is a hiatus in the history of Galapagos between the records of the last pirates in the islands and the arrival of whalers who moved into the South Pacific in the late 1700s. In 1788, the British whaling company, Samuel Enderby & Sons, sponsored Captain James Shields of the Emilia to undertake one of the first major Pacific whale hunts. The Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) . A small lake called El Junco is the only source of fresh water in the islands. By 1678, Crowleys initial chart of the archipelago appears, naming islands after English royalty and nobility. People have particularly modified the ecosystems on the colonized islands, including Floreana, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, Baltra, and Isabela and on the more accessible islands such as Espaola, Santiago, Pinta, and Pinzn. They lie around 605 miles off Ecuadors coast and you can easily access them by flying from Guayaquil or Quito on the mainland. The first destination the boat stopped at was the western side of Africa: Cape Verdes archipelago to be more specific. This perpetually moving plate is heading eastward over the Galapagos hot spot and has formed the chain of islands. Here, Darwin studied the beaches formations, but soon after the boat left for Brazil: Where Darwin had the opportunity to admire and collect species in theAmazon Rain Forest. By 1973, there were 18 staff under a legally-established structure. By 1905, there were 200 people living on Isabela, exporting sulfur and lime and using tortoises for meat and oil. the Galapagos Islands On September 15, 1835 on the return route across the Pacific, the Beagle arrived in the Galapagos Islands. In addition, Captain Porter was one of the first people to describe the differences in the tortoise types from the different islands. His account is the first written record of Galapagos and describes the giant tortoises and cacti, the inhospitable terrain, and the difficulty of finding watercharacteristic features of the islands. Of all the scientists to visit the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin has had the single greatest influence. In 1942, the US Sixth Air Force constructed the air base which was to have important long-term consequences for the islands. Idea for Use in the Classroom. In 1832, Coronel Ignacio Henandez recommended the use of the islands as a special prison, and during the 19th century, penal colonies were established on Floreana and San Cristbal.