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He jokes that the only thing that remains is the famous Apollo Theater. He certainly did not change Rankin's mind or behavior, but he gave solace to millions who longed for a little retaliatory defiance. Adam Clayton Powell Biography - ThoughtCo [15], Adam Jr.'s mother, Mattie Buster Shaffer, was African-American with possibly some German ancestry. According to the official Congressional report on these committee hearings, Powell and his counsel's official position was that "the Committee had no authority to consider the misconduct charges. Powell is unabashed in his affection for the limelight. A celebrated civil rights activist, Baptist pastor and Democratic Congressman, Powell was the first African-American to represent New York in the U.S. House of Representatives and represented Harlem in Congress for 26 years. Secretary of State Colin Powell stands with President George W. Bush. )[5] They and their ancestors were classified as mulatto in 19th-century censuses. Colin Luther Powell ( / koln / KOHL-in; [1] April 5, 1937 - October 18, 2021) was an American politician, statesman, [2] diplomat, and United States Army officer who served as the 65th United States Secretary of State from 2001 to 2005. During the Cold War, many of them sought neutrality between the United States and the Soviet Union. Two weeks, later Malcolm X was assassinated by fellow members of the Nation of Islam. The last years of Powells career came with much controversy. [2] Powell failed to garner enough signatures for inclusion on the November ballot as an Independent, and Rangel won that (and following) general elections. Even while in prison, Johnsons legend grew. [14] There was a growing African-American community in the Kanawha Valley, attracted to jobs in mills and in coal production. American First Lady Barbara Bush fastens the Presidential Medal of Freedom around the neck of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff US Army General Colin Powell, as US President George HW Bush, watches during a ceremony in the White House's East Room, Washington DC, July 3, 1991. Powell was also willing to act independently; in 1956, he broke party ranks and supported President Dwight D. Eisenhower for re-election, saying the civil rights plank in the Democratic Party platform was too weak.