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A truly global empire, with a large territory, a stake over regional and global commerce, and a sophisticated cultural identity, thus began to emerge under Selim. "Suleiman the Magnificent." Cite This Work As a lifelong reader and composer of poetry, he gathered his compositions together to leave behind his voice, perhaps the most intimate part of his legacy. The Varangian Guard: Who Were the Vikings of Byzantium? The Ottomans invaded Malta in 1565, undertaking the Great Siege of Malta, which began on 18 May and lasted until 8 September, and is portrayed vividly in the frescoes of Matteo Perez d'Aleccio in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. [15] His mother was Hafsa Sultan, a convert to Islam of unknown origins, who died in 1534. Mustafa had become by 1553 a focus of disaffection in Asia Minor and was executed in that year on the order of the sultan. For almost 600 years the Ottoman Empire controlled much of the Middle East and southeastern Europe. On 6 September 1566, Suleiman, who had set out from Constantinople to command an expedition to Hungary, died before an Ottoman victory at the Siege of Szigetvr in Hungary at the age of 71[2]:545 and his Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha kept his death secret during the retreat for the enthronement of Selim II. Peter the great of Russia and suleiman the magnificent of the ottoman empire were all considered absolute rulers because they did not allow for political dissent, although Peter the Great was a relatively enlightened ruler in this regard. Suleiman I, 1520-1566 Suleiman I, known as "the Magnificent" in the West and "Kanuni" (the Lawgiver) in the East, (6 November 1494 - 7 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566 ( Wikipedia ). His life became even more complicated in the 1550s. Of more symbolic importance, the treaty referred to Charles V not as 'Emperor' but as the 'King of Spain', leading Suleiman to identify as the true 'Caesar'. Following diplomatic exchanges, the Sultan demanded from the Safavid Shah that Bayezid be either extradited or executed. First, Shah Tahmasp killed the Baghdad governor loyal to Suleiman, and put his own man in. Khayr al-Dn, known in the West as Barbarossa, became kapudan (admiral) of the Ottoman fleet and won a sea fight off Preveza, Greece (1538), against the combined fleets of Venice and Spain, which gave to the Ottomans the naval initiative in the Mediterranean until the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.