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Known as KL Auschwitz III-Aussenlager (Auschwitz III subcamp), and later as the Monowitz concentration camp, [73] it was the first concentration camp to be financed and built by private industry. We would kindly request that you send us another group of women to the same number and at the same price." The 800 inmates who had been left behind in the Monowitz hospital were liberated along with the rest of the camp on 27 January 1945 by the 1st Ukrainian Front of the Red Army. Hasidic orthodox rabbi, deported to Auschwitz from, Saint. [208] Inmates unable to walk or who arrived at night were taken to the crematoria on trucks; otherwise the new arrivals were marched there. Fiftykm southwest of Krakw, the site was first suggested in February 1940 as a quarantine camp for Polish prisoners by Arpad Wigand, the inspector of the Sicherheitspolizei (security police) and deputy of Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski, the Higher SS and Police Leader for Silesia. Finally, as if the barrier collapsed they rushed toward us shouting, fell on their knees, kissed the flaps of our overcoats, and threw their arms around our legs. This is the prisoners unanimous demand to the Polish Government in London. Next were non-Jewish prisoners from other countries. World Jan 23, 2015 2:08 PM EDT. All Rights Reserved. In 1947, Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979 it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. He writes that this may have been because there were only 200 women overseers, and therefore they were more visible and memorable to the inmates. Arrested by the Nazis in 1944 on charges of espionage and working among Jews while trying to save young Jewish girls. [65], After examining several sites for a new plant to manufacture Buna-N, a type of synthetic rubber essential to the war effort, the German chemical conglomerate IG Farben chose a site near the towns of Dwory and Monowice (Monowitz in German), about 7km (4.3mi) east of Auschwitz I. [87] For example, Wirtschaftshof Budy, in the Polish village of Budy near Brzeszcze, was a farming subcamp where prisoners worked 12-hour days in the fields, tending animals, and making compost by mixing human ashes from the crematoria with sod and manure. The first of the three camps opened in 1940. [126] Primo Levi described a 1944 Auschwitz III washroom: It is badly lighted, full of draughts, with the brick floor covered by a layer of mud. Women in the barracks at Auschwitz, Poland, January 1945. Once the bodies were stripped of anything valuable, the Sonderkommando burned them in the crematoria. "Selection" of, Gate with the camp remains in the background, 2009, The commandant's and administration building, Auschwitz I, Auschwitz II brick barracks, sector BI, 2006; four prisoners slept in each partition, known as a, Roll call in front of the kitchen building, Auschwitz II, Hungarian Jews arriving at Auschwitz II, May/June 1944. Dubbed the "Polish Anne Frank". Purple was for Jehovah's Witnesses (Internationale Bibelforscher-Vereinigung or IBV)'s and pink for gay men, who were mostly German. [7] Those not gassed were murdered via starvation, exhaustion, disease, individual executions, or beatings. Part 2, Orders and Initiatives. [66] Tax exemptions were available to corporations prepared to develop industries in the frontier regions under the Eastern Fiscal Assistance Law, passed in December 1940. The latrine consisted of a deep ditch with planks thrown across it at certain intervals.